Climate Letter #1663

Let’s draw up a summary listing of certain things we have learned about jetstream winds by studying the Weather Maps and making connections of their content.  Some of this information differs from what is ordinarily found in the current literature or on television, which should by itself be enough to make it interesting.
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1.  There are actually three major pathways of jetstream winds, completely separated from one another, three in the north and three in the south.  The wind direction is always toward the East regardless of how wavy the course may be.
2.  The location of each of these pathways is well-defined, in each case established with reference to the pattern of change in air pressure as it exists in the upper atmosphere.  (This pattern is broadly related to, yet quite unlike, the more diversified pattern of higher and lower air pressures at the Earth’s surface.  We cannot see at what level the change in pattern occurs, but presumably the same general upper-level pattern, once established, remains at least fairly consistent at all different levels thereafter right up to the top, until, before long, a whole new revision takes effect.) 
3.  The three linear pathways normally exist as narrow, irregular shapes that encircle the globe, separated from each other in a concentric way, almost certainly at roughly the same altitude.  Each of them is capable of changing shape independently and often, thereby changing the horizontal margin of separation between any two paths from place to place, which may temporarily reach what is almost a point of full unification.
4.  The winds associated with each pathway have velocities that presumably depend in part on the relative steepness of the pressure gradients common to that pathway, similar to those measured by isobars at the surface.  In addition, velocities of the winds along any two pathways tend to accelerate when those pathways are observed to have entered into relatively close approximation, as described in the previous point.  The degree of acceleration appears to grow ever-stronger as the margin of separation narrows, then weakens further on with subsequent widening. 
5. We do not obtain information from these maps about jetstream wind altitudes, nor is that necessary, knowing it is available elsewhere. We also do not see much indication of the possible reasons for why upper atmosphere air pressure is what it is from a pattern standpoint, so different from that below, or its verticle consistency, or what causes it to change in configuration, sometimes radically.  (Today the pattern is in fact quite radicalized, causing a comparable scrambling of the jetstream winds, as shown by the illustration below.)   More knowledge about the reasons leading to configuration changes such as this would surely have great value.
 

What we are doing here, on one level, is simply demonstrating how much additional information there is to be gained by virtue of piecing together the imagery readily available on just two of the maps—and there is no doubt more to be seen here that I’ve overlooked.  We also are led to believe that more discoveries of the same type can result from viewing other combinations, as to which I have things in mind ready for future reporting.  Any improvement in our knowledge about jetstream winds is also important for other, more fundamental, reasons that have an effect on our daily life.  In particular, their strength and positioning, both of which are always changing, play a vital role in the way they influence the movement of airborne water molecules.  That movement, wherever it goes, day after day, can be shown to have profound effects on air temperatures in addition to all the other and more familiar kinds of weather conditions.  Here, in conclusion, is today’s unusually scrambled jetstream picture:

Carl

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