The rising tide of animal die-offs. This very depressing post presents evidence of how various effects of climate change are deeply involved in most cases. Many seasoned observers report seeing an increasing rate of mass mortality events. “….they seem to be happening at an increased rate for birds, marine invertebrates and fish since the 1940s…” We can add this to the “social cost” of burning fossil fuels, and perhaps even rank it number one.
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The fundamental problem confronting attempts to store CO2 artificially. Here it is in a nutshell: “Humans consume vast amounts of fossil fuels at present, and the basic chemistry of combustion, which takes up oxygen, means that the mass of carbon dioxide produced is 2.8-3.7 times the mass of the fossil fuel itself. To get to zero emissions using CCS requires that three times or more matter be put back into the ground than was originally taken out.” Finding the space to safely put a meaningful amount of the gas thus becomes virtually impossible, which means we will have to find better ways to store carbon, other than as a gas. Or maybe we should stop emitting so much gas at an earlier date than now thought possible? A very informative article.
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Yet another reason is found to explain the high rate of Greenland’s meltwater runoff. An increase in cloud formations does not help to reflect more sunlight in that location because the ice underneath would reflect away most of it in any event. However, thick clouds will always retard the upward movement of any heat from below, thus warming the air and preventing more of Greenland’s surface water from refreezing at night. This effect has now been observed, with palpable consequences for sea level rise already underway.
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An entirely new type of battery is being developed for high-volume storage of electricity by grid operators. Made with molten metals, it would offer low cost operations with a long and stable lifetime. Initial challenges have been largely worked out and plans are being drawn up for field testing. It could be capable competitor in what is sure to be a huge market.
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A comprehensive new study of biofuel. The main conclusion is that perennial grasses would be much more effective than corn ethanol at reducing carbon emissions while needing much less high-value cropland. That’s no surprise, but there are still several complications that can affect the prospect of any significant change.
Carl