Climate Letter #1606

Why scientists are anxious to make improvements in the accuracy of cloud research (NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory).  This fascinating article clearly explains how high the stakes are, following up on the spectacular results of a study from Caltech published in Nature Geoscience one year ago.

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–Link to the Abstract of the remarkable February 2019 study:
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A new study provides details of the way warm subsurface ocean waters are able to accelerate the melting of Greenland’s glaciers from the underside (Alfred Wegener Institute).  Many of Greenland’s glaciers have thick “tongues” that extend many miles out into the sea without breaking off, acting as counterparts to the ice sheet extensions and vast shelves that are common to Antarctica.  Observations have been made showing that these tongues are melting from below, and the process is speeding up, serving to destabilize the glaciers.  This activity is sure to keep progressing as the ocean grows warmer.
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Researchers seek to better understand the mechanisms causing sea level rise during interglacial periods (University of Wisconsin – Madison).  During the last interglacial period, 125,000 years ago, sea level rose to about nine meters higher than where it exists today, while air temperatures peaked at only about one degree above our pre-industrial temperature level—which has now abruptly added a degree.  The behavior of AMOC currents was quite different in the earlier interglacial period and could account for the strong rise.  An argument can be made that we are on a course that will lead to a comparable sort of rise by as early as 2200.  The warming and constant movement of subsurface ocean water is very much in play as a reason.
–Extra comment:  the events of the last interglacial all occurred with a CO2 level contained at around 300 ppm, which we have soundly beaten over just 200 years, along with an increasing air temperature that has most likely not yet peaked.
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Evidence of an accelerating sea level rise along most of the US coastline (The Guardian).  “Of 32 tide-gauge stations in locations along the vast US coastline, 25 showed a clear acceleration in sea level rise last year…..Generally speaking, the sea level is rising faster on the US east and Gulf coasts compared with the US west coast, partially because land on the eastern seaboard is gradually sinking.  Researchers at Vims said that the current speed-up in sea level rise started around 2013 or 2014 and is probably caused by ocean dynamics and ice sheet loss.”
–At this interactive website there are graphs and detailed information about each of the 32 ports, including the latest estimates for sea level increases out to 2050:
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A reduction in air pollution that is due to man-made aerosols is having a large warming effect on winter temperatures (California Institute of Technology).  “Over the past 50 years, the occurrence of extremely cold days has decreased throughout Europe and northern Eurasia, which includes Russia. Combining long-term observations with a state-of-the-art climate model revealed what researchers describe as an “unambiguous signature” of the reduction in the release of man-made aerosols over that time…..This tells us that for winter extremes, aerosols have a greater impact than greenhouse gases…..Because China is expected to enact air pollution regulations that will lead to aerosol reductions over the next two to three decades, the model predicts that a similar effect could also be seen over eastern Asia.”  Science has long predicted such an effect, although not with so much emphasis on winter.
Carl

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