New research raises important questions about the effectiveness of freshwater lakes as a carbon sink (The Conversation). The lead author of a new study provides a public explanation of current findings in this field of study. It seems that about 25% of decaying plant matter on land passes through a lake before releasing carbon that ends up in the atmosphere. Part of that carbon gets stuck in the bottom of the lake or as particles in the water. What happens next, as climate conditions cause many things to change, is subject to possible changes in how much of the carbon received by lakes makes its way into the atmosphere, and how quickly. “New research conducted with my colleagues in Cambridge, Germany and Canada suggests that emissions from freshwater lakes could double in the coming decades because of climate change.” That sounds ominous, but there are still some questions not yet ready to be answered.
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Extreme weather events in Australia and West Africa are caused by shifting temperatures in the surface waters of the Indian Ocean (The Guardian). The phenomenon and its effects are compared to the El Nino/La Nina cycle in the Pacific but get much less attention. This article has a good explanation of how it all works and how it is rapidly becoming more dangerous. Highly populated countries in West Africa are especially vulnerable: “What we are seeing from the current record events is large-scale flooding across the region. Entire swathes are under water, affecting 2.5 million people. And putting it in the broader picture of the climate crisis, this flooding is coming on the back of two droughts. What we are seeing, and what we are going to see more of, is more frequent climatic shocks coming. And all that is on top of the violence and conflict that has already displaced many of the people involved.”
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An explanation of how nitrous oxide contributes to climate change (The Conversation). This article was written for the public by four of the authors of a new study. It is full of information about the third most important greenhouse gas (after CO2 and methane but excluding water vapor, which exists via feedback to warming created by the primary greenhouse gases). “Nitrous oxide (N₂O) (more commonly known as laughing gas) is a powerful contributor to global warming. It is 265 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide and depletes our ozone layer…..we found global emissions are higher and growing faster than are being reported.” Almost all of the increase is related to agriculture, for highly beneficial reasons, but often wastefully.
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How giving up meat helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions (The Economist). Recent studies provide useful data showing the differences made through varying levels of meat reduction. For instance, “Going vegan for two-thirds of meals could cut food-related carbon emissions by 60%.” Health benefits are also rated. (Note that nitrous oxide is not strictly speaking a “carbon” emission, but is often grouped that way. It is certainly one of those that would be slowed by lower meat consumption.)
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Restrictions on sugarcane plantations have been lifted by President Bolsonaro in Brazil (Mongabay). The effect will add further motivation toward increases in deforestation that were already at alarming levels this past year. Cheap biofuel made from sugarcane will largely be employed in export markets, where users need to be made aware of the extreme environmental damage.
Carl