Why so many tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean recently? (The Conversation) This article by a professor of physical geography has interesting information about the various factors that combine to cause these violent storms, starting with a foundation dependent on the level of sea surface temperatures.
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A great introduction to an obscure weather-maker, the Madden-Julian oscillation (ABC News Australia). The MJO has an important role in the development of tropical cyclone and monsoon activity, and probably more, as it travels around the world in the manner of a slow-moving wave. Its effects seem to depend on how it interacts with other regional factors, and are thus unpredictable until a time of close arrival.
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About the worldwide subsidies to fossil fuels, and other hidden costs (The Atlantic). There is a fresh set of numbers available, and as usual everything is riled up by differences in the way people define what is meant by the word “subsidy.” As far as I can see, direct payouts by governments are genuine subsidies, fully controllable, and a good case can be made for stopping them. The hidden costs in the form of various damages are not readily controllable. The public voluntarily accepts them, along with monetary purchase prices, as part of the cost of getting the benefits. There is a moral problem here because the hidden costs are shared roughly equally by all individuals across the globe, regardless of the level of benefits received through consumption, while the biggest consumers gain a considerable edge when totaling up all the benefits they receive at no extra expense. Indeed, it is a well-known fact that some impoverished persons or societies gain no benefits at all because they are unable to consume, yet end up losing much more than average in the way of living damages. A stiff universal carbon tax, with proceeds redistributed equally—and globally—to all individuals, would help to address that problem, and some others too.
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What are the alternatives to endless growth? (The Guardian). This story provides no answers. It simply suggests that people—meaning everyone—should spend more time thinking about how they would conduct themselves in a world lacking the constant motivation to “get ahead” in a materialistic sense. There are answers to be found, perhaps surprisingly satisfying.
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How is biodiversity affected by land-use practices that add carbon to soils and biomass? A thorough study has been made over a wide range of locations and practices, with the result showing that co-benefits can almost always be expected. “The biodiversity impacts of measures to increase carbon were positive in eleven of the twelve landscapes. Our results indicate that a random land-use change that increases biodiversity is also likely to increase carbon and vice versa.”
Carl