The close numerical association between total precipitable water (PW) and surface air temperature, as I wrote about yesterday, is now very much on my mind and occupying most of my attention. I think it has the makings of an important new thing to be aware of as we seek to broaden our understanding of nature. I can already see that what I said yesterday has a certain degree of validity, but there is much more to be learned when the perspective I took is broadened. Yesterday the perspective was limited to land or sea ice surfaces in the mid to upper latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during late winter. Regardless of latitude or surface elevation, everywhere I looked I saw that any particular temperature reading closely corresponded with a particular PW value, e.g., 0 degrees C=8kg. Today is no different.
It normally doesn’t turn out that way over deep water surfaces, and the reason is clear enough. Water surface temperatures have a different set of reasons for growing warmer or colder than land or sea ice do. Mainly, they are tied to an extensive amount of subsurface activity involving considerable heat exchange between the surface and waters below that have different temperatures. This in turn has an effect on the way heat is exchanged with the air above the surface, leaving a significantly changed mark on air temperatures. No such effect is ordinarily duplicated over the more rigid surfaces of land or ice.
Surface temperatures have a similar kind of effect on related air temperatures in other places as well, but for a different set of reasons. In the Southern Hemisphere, where the seasons are reversed, there is a much higher level of solar radiation extended over longer daytime hours, leaving surfaces much warmer than otherwise. This extra warmth will then be added to the greenhouse energy effect of any particular amount of overhead PW, with a different result from what we see in the NH.. Thus the sun alone will make Australia very warm at this time even if the air is dry. This same rule is pretty much applicable in the tropics, where there is always an abundance of solar radiation over 24-hour periods. Of further interest, wherever there are deserts, the relative amount of vegetation makes a considerable difference in the amount of heat that is lost from the surface at night. By the same token, in high latitudes any large deviation in snow cover or sea ice will have a direct near-term effect on surface radiation capabilities.
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Carl