New questions have been raised about the consequences of solar geoengineering (Carbon Brief). The idea of deliberately shooting reflective aerosols high into the atmosphere in order to cool the planet is quite popular. Now there is a study showing that the resulting reduction of direct sunlight would have a negative effect on plant growth, including many food crops, by reducing photosynthesis. It could be an important consideration before such projects are undertaken. (Reduced photosynthesis also implies a lower drawdown of CO2 from the atmosphere.)
Kamagra Fizz does not need to be taken after consulting a female levitra qualified doctor. This implies that men and his partner could enjoy multiple love-making sessions in the same night.The young healthy men, who are taking these generic cheapest viagra drugs more frequently, do not know that they are reducing their chances of obtaining natural erections. He has a high stress job, he’s drinks discount cialis 20mg a bit too restricitive for my liking (though I understand that things have changed a lot at Blogger since I first used them). Diabetes affects cost of viagra 100mg both the nervous system and the circulatory system and thus can help combat ED.
—–
Satellite imagery shows surprising gains in global tree cover between 1982 and 2016. Losses in the tropical zone were more than offset by gains in higher latitudes, mostly in the north. This is good news but there are some questions about the reliability of the early data used for comparison, when instruments were less refined than those of today. “Much of the trees’ gains came at the expense of bare ground, which includes desert, tundra, mountaintops above tree line, cities and other non-vegetated land: In total, some 1.16 million square kilometers of formerly bare ground, roughly the area of Texas and California combined, is now covered by trees or other vegetation.” This growth would account for an important share of the large “carbon sink” that in total has been picking up half of human emissions, and we can only hope it will continue.
—–
Another research project is showing that the growth of peatland vegetation benefits from the longer growing season of a warming climate. This would also be an important factor in accounting for the carbon sink.
—–
Still more research has been finding an increase in the soil respiration rate around the world because of increased microbial activity as the soil warms. The carbon that is emitted serves as a natural offset to gains in the carbon sink that are caused by additional plant growth on or above the surface. Tim Radford explains.
—–
Evidence shows a surprisingly high level of aerosols emitted from wildfires in pre-industrial times. “Historic levels of particles in the atmosphere released from pre-industrial era fires, and their cooling effect on the planet, may have been significantly underestimated according to a new study.” What this means is that the cooling effect from all types of reflective aerosols today, thought to be around 0.5C or more, may in fact be not that much greater than the cooling that was present at that earlier time from wildfires alone. That is a bit of helpful information for purposes of climate forecasting.
https://phys.org/news/2018-08-underestimated-cooling-effect-planet-historic.html
https://phys.org/news/2018-08-underestimated-cooling-effect-planet-historic.html
—–
Indigenous communities continue to lose their native lands to outside invaders. “Indigenous and tribal peoples around the world have extremely close relationships to the environment…..The land is fundamental to their livelihood, their economies, but also they have very deep and profound spiritual relationships to the natural world.” And they have much to teach us about their knowledge of sustainable living, if we are willing to listen.
Carl