A new analysis of a huge past volcanic eruption in the US. This is the one that caused a flood of basalt over the Pacific Northwest starting 16.5 million years ago. It was one of the largest such floods in world history, but unlike most of the others it caused the planet to cool down rather than heat up. That is because the most important gas it vented was sulfur dioxide rather than CO2. The effect lasted for about a half-million years, temporarily interrupting the last major warm period to occur prior to the long descent into the ice ages. I have wondered whether the slow weathering of all that basalt contributed in a substantial way to the long cooling trend that started after the end of the warm period. (See the temperature chart and discussion below the story link.)
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–Temperature chart (from Hansen). You can easily spot the sharp dip in the early part of the “Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum,” and then compare the long decline afterwards with the one at the beginning of the Eocene, when the Himalaya range was fresh and beginning to heavily weather (which pulls carbon out of the atmosphere and drops it into the oceans.) By the way, the CO2 level in the middle of the Miocene has been widely calculated at around 500 ppm, which is what we are now heading toward at a rather fast clip.
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Prospects for changing the climate through geoengineering are getting attention at a meeting in Berlin this week, as discussed here by some of the attendees:
–Here is an additional part of the above story showing the seven principal options that are under discussion, with potential drawbacks included for each:
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Why we want to avoid a mass extinction. A new study talks about the kinds of creatures that are most likely to survive. There is a wonderful picture of two lystrosaurus specimens, which were forerunners of mammals and principal survivors of the big extinction of 252 million years ago. “Researchers warn that a sixth mass extinction is underway, which is predicted to have similar effects.”
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What caused the current California wildfires to be so extreme? Scientists say the major drought of recent years is not to blame. Rather, it was the combination of a wet winter that produced high levels of plant growth followed by the hottest summer on record that caused those plants to dry out. California’s peculiar winds have given the state an extra boost.
–A new model is showing a grim future for a region around the US and Mexican western border because of rising heat and falling precipitation. The model is said to have features which display greater accuracy than the older ones.
Carl