Climate Letter #632

A new study changes customary estimates of the effect clouds have on solar radiation to Earth’s surface.  The primary outcome is a reduction of a main source of solar albedo, causing a substantial increase in projections of future global warming.  The finding will be subjected to plenty of scrutiny because it deals with one of the biggest uncertainties in climate science.

sales here viagra sale Now, we are providing service in many cities for ED in west delhi. Whereas, these pills is budget friendly and can be bough from cheap sildenafil india anywhere, if advised by doctor. In each of these sessions, 300 shocks were given to the men over a time of three minutes and all these shock treatments were done in 5 different points on the shaft of the penis. levitra viagra price Like aphrodisiacs, the dosages for india cheap cialis important link these all-natural remedies will depend on the causes and if it’s a lifelong or inherited problem in a man.

La Nina generally closely follows El Nino.  Here is a description of how it unfolds, and what we might expect later this year.  The effects are quite different.  There may or may not be a neutral state between the two that lasts for some time, but usually a strong El Nino provokes a strong reaction.
—–
Changing the way we do agriculture is becoming a “must” in the way we handle climate change.  The spotlight is now turning to soil management because of the vast amount of carbon that soil now holds, and can increase holding with proper effort.  Current practices often cause an unnecessary release of carbon.
Reducing food waste provides another significant practical means of mitigating climate change.
—–
A milestone in paleoclimate research.  There is now conclusive evidence that six to ten million years ago the Arctic Ocean was completely ice free in the summer but frozen over in the winter.  Surface water temperatures in the summer during that era could be estimated at 4-9 degrees C and CO2 levels in a range near 450 ppm.  Present-day climate models will benefit from this knowledge as we head toward a climate state with many similarities.
—–
Encouraging new developments in solar cell research.  These all relate to perovskite technology, which has dramatic potential benefits in sight but still some wrinkles to clean up.
Carl

This entry was posted in Daily Climate Letters. Bookmark the permalink.