‘It’s Really Close’: How the Amazon Rainforest Could Self-Destruct (The New York Times). An exceptionally fine explanation of the deforestation runaway tipping-point that we often hear about, including its many uncertainties. In the worst case, “Could the Amazon rainforest — one of the world’s greatest absorbers of greenhouse gases, and therefore buffers against climate change — become a driver of climate change instead?…..As the warning signs of large-scale dieback have mounted, more scientists have come to see that scenario as a threat not just to the Amazon’s inhabitants and Brazil’s economy, but to a world already struggling to confront climate change.”
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How deforestation affects the local climate of Brazil (Phys.org). A new study found evidence of a close connection between the amount of deforestation and regional temperature increases. “Areas that had tree cover reduced to below 70 percent warmed 0.44°C more than neighbouring intact forests during the study period. That rose to 1.5C during the driest part of the year.” By way of explanation, according to the authors, “Evapotranspiration can be thought of as the forest ‘sweating’; when the moisture emitted by the forests evaporates it cools the local climate. Deforestation reduces evapotranspiration, taking away this cooling function and causing local temperatures to rise.” It also makes forests more susceptible to burning. (The study did not address the question of temperature increases that might result from total or near-total loss of tree cover.)
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A new study has found that Europe is growing warmer at a rate much faster than models predicted (EcoWatch). “Summers in Europe are much hotter than they used to be and winters aren’t nearly as cold as they once were. And, the continent is warming much faster than climate models had once projected…..As the climate crisis worsens, Europe can expect extreme heat more frequently and with increased intensity.” No explicit. explanation was given except to state that there was no way such changes could be natural.
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A new report on the health of the Great Barrier Reef, and its ‘very poor’ outlook (The Guardian). The five-year government survey report shows marked deterioration. Effects of climate change stand out as foremost among a number of threats.
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Steel production can be processed using the energy of hydrogen, replacing coal (Bloomberg). This is important information because the global steel industry as currently configured is a high emitter of carbon—as much as 9% of global emissions. “Hydrogen can do everything coal does in the steel-making process, and the technology to make fossil-free steel is already currently operating with natural gas in many parts of the world…..nearly 6% of steel output worldwide.” The relative price of clean, renewable hydrogen is an important factor, showing a favorable trend but not yet there.
Carl