Deep ocean waters in the South Pacific are rapidly warming. Actual measurements have been taken since the 1990s to depths as great as four miles. The pace of warming, while not high, is accelerating, at a rate that shows signs of successive doubling over periods of just one decade. Deep water in the South Pacific is warmed by the descent of cold surface water around Antarctica, which is less salty than it was before, and apparently warmer as well. These deep waters then move northward. This means the entire ocean is now collecting heat at all depths, heat which basically has no means of escape on anything less than multi-millennial timescales.
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Rainy weather is becoming more common over parts of Greenland’s ice sheet. This has a major impact on the melt rate of the surface ice for a number of reasons. Moreover, meltwater that refreezes serves as an enabler for future melting increases. “Projections of sea-level rise for the end of this century generally range from two to four feet, but most projections do not yet account for what may happen to the ice in Greenland, nor with the much larger mass in Antarctica, because understanding of the physics is still not advanced enough…..This new paper does important work understanding and quantifying.”
https://phys.org/news/2019-03-greenland-icein-winter.html
https://phys.org/news/2019-03-greenland-icein-winter.html
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A separate study shows how the positioning of Greenland’s snowline has a major effect on surface melting. This turns out to be a perfect complement to the study in the story above. The tendency for snowlines to retreat and darken the surface albedo has not previously been picked up by climate models. “The result of those improvements in modeling snowline, the researchers say, would be more accurate forecasts of Greenland’s future contributions to sea-level rise.”
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/3/eaav3738
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/3/eaav3738
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Two different plans that tax carbon and pay dividends are being debated. Inside Climate News has done its usual superb job of analyzing and comparing the plans in considerable depth. This is worth studying, and you can make your own comparisons with various versions of the Green New Deal alternative, which all differ in large part by giving scant recognition to the importance of a carbon tax.
–For more on the Green New Deal, and why it is being pushed by politicians in the Democratic Party, this post from Yale e360, written by Elizabeth Kolbert, features an interview with Senator Ed Markey with plenty of tough questions. The senator makes a very good point about how the proposal has ignited a real surge in debate that should get more people involved in doing some hard thinking about the need as well as the best response. How to keep the subject from being overly politicized remains a danger not well addressed.
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A technology that enlarges the potential for geothermal energy is being promoted by a small Swedish company (Quartz). This looks exciting as a renewable option for many locations, and gains credibility by the fact that the venture fund backed by Bill Gates has seen enough merit to contribute funding. In terms of both safety and reliability geothermal is at the head of the class, and I would certainly hope this venture succeeds.
Carl