I will mainly be showing maps and not writing much again today. However, there is something else that I highly recommend for your reading, a fascinating article about the Columbia River basalt eruptions, recently published in Geophysical Research Letters. Results of the study that was conducted are related to the work I have been presenting about the greenhouse energy effect of precipitable water (in this case just the vapor) when it frequently infuses the upper part of the atmosphere: https://eos.org/articles/the-surprising-greenhouse-gas-that-caused-volcanic-summer. The findings are preliminary and still needs to be expanded. They have received almost no attention to date apart from some words of encouragement from outsiders. I am impressed by the resume and previous work of the lead author—https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/scott.d.guzewich. This is the link to the full study: https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2022/pdf/2070.pdf.
Today’s maps show that PW penetration of the Arctic region still faces difficulties, leaving the overall anomaly well below its trendline:
Carl