Climate Letter #2112

“The greenhouse energy effect of atmospheric rivers”

This is a subject I will be writing about for awhile, and not so much about the greenhouse effect of precipitable water (PW). This is a conceptual upgrade, one that I am excited about. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are better defined than PW, yet still not completely defined in a normal scientific sense. There is no widespread agreement on exactly what constitutes an AR, and no thorough investigation of its properties. A few years ago most references to ARs placed emphasis on massive size. Nothing less than an AR could produce massive amounts of rainfall, usually requiring the river to travel across a large stretch of open ocean before making landfall and disgorging its contents. Anything else that traveled high in the atmosphere and produced ordinary rainfall, or any other kind of precipitation, had to be distinguished by different and less colorful terminology. I think AR is steadily becoming more inclusive of high-altitude streams of water vapor, plus condensation products, of all shapes and sizes. The next step will be the full development of a comprehensive set of properties that characterize these streams. It will be hard to keep ignoring the evidence that they have a greenhouse energy effect, which happens to be quite substantial

The term AR should end up representing something very special in the natural world. Its contents are special, likewise its behavior high in the atmosphere, and so also its properties. It begins life with water vapor going up, and comes to an end as precipitation coming back down. It never does stop moving. Each river is a separate and distinct unit, a sort of society that could have its own name. New members keep being added for a time while others are dying off, and finally the whole thing disbands. As long as the river endures its members are packed together in close association, from which a unique set of properties can emerge. The greenhouse effect that emerges is definitely unique in comparison with all other greenhouse effects that are recognized by science, but that is not a reason for ignoring its reality.

Your penile tissue accommodation will now be able to cute-n-tiny.com order generic viagra generate more climax amount. This drug is to be taken buy sildenafil no prescription at least an hour before intercourse. So, men you could try this out cialis online can avoid performing too much self-stimulation. cute-n-tiny.com order viagra online The noticeable point is kamagra is not for male infertility.

Every AR contains some amount of water vapor, a regular member of the greenhouse gas family. The logical implication is that every AR is capable of having a greenhouse effect to some extent, even if it is only rudimentary. This simple fact can serve as a good starting point for investigation that may lead o an understanding of greater possibilities. The possibility that components of a river other than water vapor may also have a greenhouse effect is not something to be ignored by an investigator who has an open mind. There are tools available for making measurements that provide inescapable evidence. I have displayed and demonstrated these tools many times in these letters when making reference to the PW that ARs are made of. The same tools work just as well when applied directly to ARs. ARs and PW are not always the same thing, but they are so in the case of PW that has been created by an AR and exists at a high altitude as part of an existing AR.

Carl

This entry was posted in Daily Climate Letters. Bookmark the permalink.