The worst drought in memory is ravaging western Afghanistan. More than 250,000 people have been forced to leave their homes. At least three million across the country face famine, because of drought, if they do not receive help. Afghanistan is ranked by the UN as one of the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
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Agriculture in the Nile Delta is threatened by a combination of reduced supplies of fresh water, sea level rise and soil salinization. River flow is shrinking because of drought, along with certain other activities in upstream regions that are harmful. A race is on to find or improve alternative watering systems.
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Meanwhile, the Sahel region of Africa may be in line for recovery from drought. Some interesting reasons for this have been uncovered by the authors of a new study, who attribute part of the blame for past dryness to air pollution coming from the north. “The subsequent reduction in aerosol emissions around the North Atlantic that resulted from environmental legislation to curb acid rain, occurring as global tropical warming continued unabated, is consistent with the current partial recovery and with projections of future wetting.” Warming of temperatures by itself is expected to strengthen monsoon rains in this region.
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New research helps to explain the conditions causing Earth’s greatest extinction (The Guardian). The main focus is on what happened to life in the oceans, where up to 96% of all marine species perished, essentially by suffocating, as supplies of oxygen were disappearing because of an extraordinary warming event. Present-day climate change is viewed as closely resembling the early stages of that event.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/06/global-warming-extinction-report-the-great-dying
–A somewhat more detailed review of this interesting study can be found at the Science Daily website:
–The study itself has limited access, but its link offers an unusually expanded Abstract that is worth reading, ending with a conclusion that “These results highlight the future extinction risk arising from a depletion of the ocean’s aerobic capacity that is already under way.”
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The most effective single way to offset carbon emissions by removing CO2 from the air. Tim Radford reviews a new study that reconfirms an old idea, about a policy program that is guaranteed to work, totally risk-free, relatively inexpensive, and has numerous other benefits.
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A description of 12 books about climate change, including three novels, published in 2018 (Yale Climate Connections).
Carl