Climate Letter #1291

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The World Wildlife Fund has issued its Living Planet Report for 2018.  The report “presents a sobering analysis of the impact of humans on the world’s wildlife, forests, oceans, rivers, and climate, and the implications for vital services nature provides. The Living Planet Index (LPI) indicates that global populations of fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles declined, on average, by 60 per cent between 1970 and 2014…..Freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes and wetlands, are continuing to deteriorate at breakneck speed, with species abundance declined by 83% since 1970.”  Everything is linked to human activities, starting with habitat loss and degradation and overexploitation of wildlife, with all of the harm then amplified by climate change.
https://phys.org/news/2018-10-nature-steep-decline-due-human.html
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A leading botanist describes what climate change is doing to many ancient species of trees all over the world.  The baobob and cedars of Lebanon are two prominent examples.  She has many interesting theories and ideas, including a useful proposal that every person in the world should plant a native tree in their own neighborhood every year for six years.
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New research shows that the Arctic became much more humid and wetter 8000 years ago, when temperatures were at a post-glacial peak of warmth.  Scientists have found new tools that reveal this kind of information.  What’s interesting is that the high amount of indicated moisture would require movement of substantial amounts of water vapor northward from lower latitudes in addition to local evaporation.  Since the globe has become even warmer in the last few decades that would help to explain the emerging pattern of high rainfall episodes coming to life in at least some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, a trend that could very well continue.
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Plants are actually getting more nutrients for growth than scientists have thought possible.  Those nutrients are absorbed from the soil at night, a phenomenon not previously recognized, enabling the plants to make more use of the abundant CO2 presence when the sun is shining and they can photosynthesize.  This information can be used by climate models to improve their forecasts of how the carbon sink will operate in the future, and for once that adjustment will be favorable.  In short, “No matter what, plants will not keep up with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions; it’s just that they might do better than current models suggest.”
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Calcium minerals deposited on the sea floor help to neutralize ocean acidification in a natural way.  The problem now is that we are adding so much CO2 to the water that the most accessible minerals are being used up, turning the color of shallow seabeds from white to brown.  Scientists are concerned about the implications.  “The rate at which CO2 is currently being emitted into the atmosphere is exceptionally high in Earth’s history, faster than at any period since at least the extinction of the dinosaurs. And at a much faster rate than the natural mechanisms in the ocean can deal with, so it raises worries about the levels of ocean acidification in future.”
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/23/1804250115
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Losses of worker productivity are expected when temperatures rise.  New surveys have improved the understanding of how this affects workers in developing countries, which is quite unfavorable compared with those in the developed nations.  For example, “Countries in Southeast Asia in a 1.5°C-warming world would suffer the same loss as the developed countries would in a 4°C-warming world.”
Carl

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