Five major crops facing serious dislocation of production because of climate change (NPR). The one that stands out as a source of deep concern is wheat, and the country likely to suffer the most from this is India. Lost crops are not always easy to replace, and restoring vital needs by importing may be financially impossible. Elsewhere, what will Iowa be doing to replace corn? “According to one study, by the end of the century this part of the Midwest will be more suited for growing cotton, soybeans, grass and forests.”
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Beyond crops, the dislocation of people is one of the biggest of all climate concerns (Earther). The trickle we are seeing today could fairly soon become a torrent. “They don’t want to migrate…..They don’t want to be away from their families. They don’t want to be away from the connection they have to their land, but if it’s not producing enough to feed their families, [migration] is one of the solutions they have to do.” The question of where will they go is in desperate need of meaningful answers.
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The five major river basins that service West Africa are projected to lose 10-40% of their water availability later in this century. So concludes an ensemble report derived from the results of many recent studies covering an entire range of climate change projections. Greenhouse gas mitigation would always be of help to reduce the deficit. West Africa is the location of a large portion of the world’s fastest population growth.
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Evidence confirms the rapid transition of CO2 in and out of the deep Southern Ocean during ice ages. Air samples of changing CO2 levels have previously been taken from ice cores, but the source of their fluctuations was uncertain. The new evidence, based on fossilized evidence of deep ocean pH over time, closely matches the air sample fluctuations but in reverse. “CO2 rise during the last ice age occurs in a series of steps and jumps associated with intervals of rapid climate change…..Deep sea corals capture information about these climate changes in the chemistry of their skeletons but are hard to find…..CO2 rise at the end of the ice age helped drive major melting of ice sheets and sea level rise of over 100 metres.”
https://phys.org/news/2018-10-antarctic-ocean-carbon-dioxide-ice.html
https://phys.org/news/2018-10-antarctic-ocean-carbon-dioxide-ice.html
–Note: On the chart that shows up on this link, notice how the CO2 level reversed its direction 7000 years ago, rising from about 260 ppm to the pre-industrial age level of 280. That rise is now attributed not to deep ocean venting but entirely to human activity from working the land. This has been convincingly explained by Bill Ruddiman and his associates in their many studies, as in the example below. Without that activity CO2 would have kept on dropping to around 240 by now, with temperatures about 2 degrees C below the present level that has been further amplified by burning fossil fuels.
–Note: The Ruddiman studies are really quite fascinating, not too difficult to read, and so very helpful in other ways for explaining how the ice ages came and went over 800,000 years, and how we have turned all that around. If you want to go a little deeper this link will take you to a pdf from a publication in 2014 that has more details:
Carl