Wherever there is water there is evaporation. That’s even true for frozen water, except that it’s then called sublimation. I believe it is correct to say that the warmer the temperature of the water is the faster the rate of evaporation will be, on a logarithmic scale. Thus, whenever Earth’s water surface temperatures are rising, more and more vapor will be pumped into the atmosphere, with implications for weather and climate. More vapor always ends up bringing more precipitation, virtually a one for one relationship over time. More vapor also adds to potentially warmer air temperatures through its greenhouse effect, which scientists commonly assume to be a linear relationship, not as perfect but approximately one for one. To that end a principle of physics known as the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, which is applicable to rates of condensation for all condensable gases including water vapor, is regularly invoked. It has been demonstrated that air having a certain temperature is capable of holding only a limited amount of water in a gaseous state without a condensation effect, and also that every one degree Celsius increase in air temperature will serve to raise that limit by approximately 7%. There is no need to question these facts, but are they appropriate for the purpose of understanding the reality of climate operations? Are there possible operations in the climate system, not well-recognized by science, which call for an alternative approach?
For much of this year I have been writing about certain atmospheric “objects” which I have no real name for other than “streams,” that are basically composed of water vapor and located at high altitudes in certain regions, the very same altitudes and regions occupied by major jetstream winds in each of the two hemispheres. Within these spaces the entire wind system that exists is quite different from any wind system found closer to the surface. Under these circumstances I do not see much evidence of any regular mixing of the air that exists in each of these systems. Water vapor somehow does make its way in, presumably quite soon after evaporating (or in some cases transpiring) from a surface below, but only after being lofted upward several miles from a few selective entry points and only by way of concentration of vapor molecules into coherent streambodies that are constantly in motion. These bodies can be measured and are clearly represented on an assortment of maps and charts, some of them animated, that are available to the public. Whatever winds are carrying these streams, accounting for their constant motion, appear to be following independent pathways, unaffected by winds at the surface. A newly created stream can continue in that mode for a number of days as it travels perhaps thousands of miles in the upper atmosphere. The direction of travel, regardless of hemisphere, is always a combination of eastward and poleward, unlike any norm that is typical of the pattern mixtures set by surface winds.
Regarding questions about condensation, I cannot see evidence of the workings of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation with respect to the vapor being carried by these streams. From the maps I can pick out streams where evaporation must occur under clear skies and where the stream itself, once its motion becomes horizontal, continues to exist for days in a cloudless condition. Its new home is sure to be far colder than either the surface from which it evaporated or the air temperature at that level, yet no sign of condensation. When condensation does occur it is generally accompanied by evidence not of temperature change, but of exterior engagement of the vapor stream with a strong jetstream wind, apparently causing an overcrowding and compression of vapor molecules in the stream at that juncture. Clouding and rainfall of varying extent are likely to result.
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Carl