An important new study has found that insect pests reduce crop yields at a large increasing rate when temperatures rise (Carbon Brief). Basically it is because such pests become more active in their eating habits and reproduction rates as their bodies warm. The losses of yield are projected for wheat, rice and maize, each of which have been shown by previous studies to also lose significant nutritional value when temperatures rise. A reviewer noted that, “If crops become less nutritious, insects will have to consume more plant matter to get the nutrients they need……potentially raising yield losses further.” The study did not attempt to provide information about how growth rates of the plants themselves might be affected by higher CO2 levels or other growth factors.
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Scientists are very worried about deforestation activity causing the loss of a vital carbon sink. That is an established fact that is not getting the attention it deserves. The principal cause is illegal activity that is not being controlled by public pressure on irresponsible government entities. This article published by The Nation magazine provides commentary from persons who are familiar with the actual events causing so much frustration. Loss of the current carbon sink, which now absorbs a goodly percentage of our fossil fuel emissions, would inevitably lead to a deadly “hothouse Earth” situation much sooner than anyone thinks possible.
https://www.thenation.com/article/tropical-forests-are-flipping-from-storing-carbon-to-releasing-it/
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About the idea of setting aside half the Earth to assure the preservation of biodiversity. Mongabay gives it a good look, based on the latest views of several advocates who have been studying the real needs. One main point, pretty obvious, is that quality of reserved territory is more important than quantity. And then all different species need to be looked at individually. One conclusion: “Once we’ve adequately covered important areas for biodiversity, factoring in areas of importance for ecosystem services is likely to mean we actually need substantially more than half the earth conserved in some way, through a variety of mechanisms in addition to formal ‘protection’.”
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Here is another problem facing possible decisions described in the post above: When climate changes vegetation in most regions also changes, and so do ecosystems as inhabitants go looking for a new home. Researchers have made a sweeping survey of all prominent changes over the last 20,000 years, finding them useful for making future projections. The current pattern is complicated by its extraordinary speed and by many disturbances unrelated to climate.
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A significant cost reduction that should make fuel cells much more viable has been proven. The key discovery eliminates the need for expensive platinum in the production process. Practical applications for this excellent source of renewable energy have never been that far off, and will now be closer than ever.
Carl