Weather conditions associated with El Nino and La Nina events are becoming more powerful in certain regions. In this post John Abraham reviews a new study that was able to sort things out enough to find intensified impacts on land in North America and Australia. The post also provides a helpful review of the nature and history of these events and the need for serious preparations before they develop.
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–A separate review of the same study takes a closer look at how this intensification becomes involved in the development of extreme wildfire outbreaks in both continents.
–Extra comment: Observe, both land and ocean surfaces, when warmed, lose some of that warmth through the process of evaporation of water. Oceans never have to worry about running out of water, but not so with land. When water runs out cooling depends entirely on radiation and conduction, both sources of sensible heat as opposed to the latent heat of evaporation. That allows the air above some land to warm up faster than otherwise, certainly adding to the heat island effect in urban areas and probably accentuating the entire relationship between land and ocean surface warming which has lately tilted in a significant way toward land over the last forty years. (See CL #1238 and 1239.)
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The city of Alexandria, Egypt, is featured in this article about the devastating impact of sea level rise on low-lying urban locations. Flooding due to heavy rainfall is also increasing at an unprecedented rate. According to government sources, hundreds of thousands of people in this city will most likely be forced to relocate within ten years. From The Guardian, well-illustrated.
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Soybean farming is overwhelming Brazil’s vast savanna region (Reuters). Unlike the more closely watched rainforests, protection is almost totally missing and the commercial rewards are highly attractive, largely propelled by demand from China. Along with other kinds of damage there is considerable loss of carbon stored in the soil, having an adverse effect on climate change.
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Although relatively small, there are newly-formed processes in the Arctic that are helping to remove carbon from the atmosphere. The evidence has been found in sharply increased alkalinity of the waters in two large rivers. While the exact reason for the increase is uncertain, this story provides a good explanation of the “weathering effect” that has the power to greatly reduce CO2 from the atmosphere over geological timescales.
Carl