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In developing countries, where agriculture dominates the economy, rising temperatures have a brutal effect on worker efficiency, causing sharp declines in economic output (CMCC Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change). In this study, conducted in Uganda, researchers found that heat stress causes an increase in the nutritional demands of workers, requiring additional calories. “The results suggest that increased global warming can have a significant detrimental impact on both labor supply and food security.”
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A year from now, how will the battle to slow global warming look in a post-coronavirus world? (Yale e360) It’s a really big question, and we keep hearing all sorts of answers. The ever-reliable Fred Pearce provides succinct yet fairly thorough coverage of both sides of the issue. His conclusion: “So the game is on for hearts and minds. With November’s UN climate summit now postponed until the middle of next year, both optimistic and pessimistic narratives will stay in play for some time.”
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Smoke emitted by cargo ships has a considerable cooling effect on global temperatures (Anthropocene). New methods of study and measurement have found surprisingly high results, due to the cirrus clouds that are formed by the pollution from these low-grade emissions. “Calculations showed that ship-induced clouds blocked 2 Watts of solar energy from reaching each square meter of ocean surface in and near the shipping lane. But the researchers didn’t stop there. They extrapolated the data to estimate how much solar energy would be blocked due to brighter clouds caused by all industrial pollution. That number came out to 1 W/m2 of solar energy, which is a third of the around 3 W/m2 trapped by the greenhouse gases produced by industrial sources.” Climate models based on the net temperature gains expected from aimed-for reductions of these sources may need to be adjusted because of this new information.
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Global methane emissions were a big disappointment in 2019 (EcoWatch). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that methane levels increased by 11.54 parts per billion (ppb) in 2019 over 2018 levels, the largest increase since 2014. “Last year’s jump in methane is one of the biggest we’ve seen over the past twenty years.” Scientists, who are always uncertain about exactly where various methane sources are coming from, have been hoping that a recent slowing trend would continue.
–Charts and numbers are readily available at this website—scroll down to see a listing of all the numbers for annual increases since 1984:
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A real expert, author David Quammen, in an interview with Yale e360, tells about the origin of pandemics and how they can be prevented. This is not climate-related, but I am sure you will find him interesting.
Carl