Climate Letter #648

CO2 report.  Last year the April average at Mauna Loa was 403.26 ppm.   This year I am quite sure the gain will be more than 4 ppm, to around 407.5.  It is likely that the annual peak month of May will also be up by nearly that same amount from 403.94 a year ago.  What this means is that somehow in the last twelve months we have managed to add nearly twice as much CO2 to the atmosphere as in any previous year, peak to peak.  About half of the increase was picked up during the heavy fire season late in calendar 2015.  The other half is much harder to explain, except that it probably was natural, and as such could be repeatable.  That is something we should learn more about over the next twelve months.

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A climate-refugee forecast for the Middle East and North Africa.  The region that is covered by this study holds a population of more than 500 million.  It is already known for having maximum temperatures in the summer that are often close to the edge of what human beings can endure.  The researchers believe this region is one which will have summertime increases that are more than twice the global average, which at some early future date would pass the limits of human durability and force people to migrate.  The reasons are explained, linked to the desert-type environment.
Note:  I find this forecast to be reasonable and compelling, more so than most.  It is already coming true, as you can see by opening the Climate Reanalyzer at http://cci-reanalyzer.org/DailySummary/#.  Scroll down to the full-world display of average daily temperature, and do the same at the Temperature Anomaly link.  The anomaly for the region has been steadily quite positive for many weeks lately, while most other regions (other than the Arctic) often shift back and forth.  I have also noticed that India, which sits at the same latitude, and is much more heavily populated, has lately fit into the exact same picture as the desert areas while waiting for the monsoons to begin next month.
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Here is a closeup of what things are like in much of India right now.  Observe that the last two monsoon seasons were less than adequate.  With so much change going on in the global atmosphere nothing is guaranteed, but the favorable monsoon forecast for 2016 at least offers a reason for being hopeful.
The South Asia Monsoon Outlook for 2016 is available in detail at this very helpful site, including a short video:
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How to feed another two or three billion mouths.  Researchers are trying to figure out how to do it without cutting down more forests.  This group believes it can be done, but most likely will require a near-total reduction in the feeding of farm animals.
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A wave power project planned for testing off the coast of Portugal.  The backers believe they have a technology which will prove to be cost competitive with offshore-wind and solar, for a welcome addition to the mix.
Carl

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