Climate Letter #615

The threat of severe toxic algae blooms is expected to grow.  The one that hit the west coast of North America last summer was nothing less than catastrophic for wildlife, and scientists are now saying that conditions are ripe for more of the same in more locations.  They are getting a better understanding of why some blooms are toxic, finding a connection in the degree to which the waters have been warming.  Indeed there has been a recent devastating bloom off the coast of Chile.

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Zimbabwe has been hard hit by drought.  This is a situation that has not received much attention in the media.  As is the case with other nearby countries, some four million people now need food assistance.
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How and why El Nino’s effects have shown up all over the globe.  This very fine summary also relates the magnitude of costs in multiple different regions.  Fortunately, events having this level of strength are not too common, just three since 1950, but it remains possible that every future El Nino event will be elevated to some extent by climate change.
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Further analysis of the latest temperature data.  These charts help put things in perspective.  The first, using GISS data, shows a very straight upward track from 1970 to 2015, with the median line (faint yellow) rising 0.8C for that period—a bit less than 0.2C per decade.  The two big El Nino Februaries, in 1998 and 2016, differed by 0.47C  in just under two decades.  Considering the volatility of the occasion, that is not a cause for panic.  The temperature this year should soon drop right back down, as the final chart describes.  What we should worry about is the possibility of the main trend simply staying on its present course for the rest of this century.
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Carbon dioxide can be directly converted into concrete.  An amazing new technology, which combines CO2 and lime, processed with 3-D printers, is getting a high level of enthusiasm from a research group at UCLA.  It works in the lab, and plans for scaling up have been drawn.  Turning CO2 taken from smokestacks into a valuable raw material is an exciting challenge these days, all the better when paired with cutting the usual emissions from making concrete.
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How measuring the temperature of sea water has changed over the years.  An expert tells the story in a short and interesting video.
Carl

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