Climate Letter #609

February CO2 report.  The Mauna Loa report shows an increase of 3.76 ppm over the 2015 month, about as expected but still a troubling gain.  I believe there was an impact due to the early spring warming in the northern hemisphere this year in contrast with a late warming last year—remember the polar vortex?  That can make a big difference in the rate of plant matter decay in the soil.  The spread should now start to come down, but the CO2 number will continue to reflect the bump from all those fires last fall.  We still have to watch out for permafrost melting effects, and oh yes, which way are human activities now heading?

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Catastrophic change due to global warming is underway now in the western Indian Ocean.  Temperatures of this ocean have been warming more rapidly than those of any other in the tropics, causing stratification of the waters and a decline of phytoplankton, which are the base of the food web.  “Future climate projections suggest that the Indian Ocean will continue to warm, driving this productive region into an ecological desert, the study says.”
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The inspiring story of Uruguay’s energy transformation.  When the country lost much of its hydropower resources not long ago because of aridity it first tried fossil fuels and then opted for windpower.  Wind has gone from almost zero in 2007 to a planned level of 38% of national needs by the end of next year.  There has been some outside help but otherwise this is a revealing story of how much can be accomplished in a very short time when there is a determined effort carried out in an intelligent way.
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New insights into the distribution of increased rainfall.  Warmer temperatures are destined to produce more rainfall and more flooding, but what does that mean for dry regions, which otherwise tend to become even drier because of the associated heat increase?  This study provides information indicating that dry regions will also experience events where precipitation is well above normal, and flooding too.  Storing that water will then become a worthy challenge.
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More progress turning captured CO2 gas into liquid fuel.  An interesting technology has been proven in the lab, but now needs to be scaled up.  It could make the practice of capturing emissions much more attractive economically as well as eliminating the problem of trying to sequester captured gas in permanent locations.  Using gas captured from municipal waste would be the best result of all, which is a possible application of this process.
Carl

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