Climate Letter #575

2015 confirmed as the hottest year on record—by a wide margin.  This release from the NY Times has good coverage of the news and what it means.  The anomaly map shows the stark difference between the two hemispheres, and in particular the two polar regions.

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For a view of how the three agency reports look in Centigrade, this chart will serve.  It shows that we have gone more than half way toward the dreaded 2C threshold.
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Big trouble in the Indian Ocean.  This ocean has warmed up more than any of the others, almost in its entirety.  The effects are being directly measured and observed, especially as a decline in fisheries, where the loss of nutrients due to the warming is an important factor over and above the effects of overfishing.  That “may cascade through the food chain, potentially turning this biologically productive region into an ecological desert.”
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A update on the drought in southern Africa.  2015  was the driest calendar year since records began in 1904, with further dryness expected until April or May.  The underlying cause is attributed to complications arising from El Nino.  Serious food shortages are already affecting a population of about 14 million.
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Critique of the accuracy of satellite temperature records.  The main argument is that no source of global temperature data is free from the need to make adjustments, but the methods used to procure information via satellite require many extra adjustments that involve difficult resolution.  The debate is quite intense at the moment because of claims to the contrary being made by the denier crowd.
Here is Part 2 of the Ben Santer interview:
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How China turned things around in 2015.  For three decades China was the world’s number one driver of global warming.  That has rather suddenly changed, with more of the same kind of news in sight for 2016.
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Here is another bright spot for 2015, this time from Denmark:
Carl

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