How humans have affected the total store of carbon in land-based vegetation. “Calculations based on current state-of-the art data had already revealed that the global land-ecosystems are currently storing approximately 450 billion tonnes of carbon. However, in a hypothetical world without land use, the vegetation would store as much as 916 billion tonnes of carbon.” That is the conclusion of a new study covering the history of human impact on all kinds of grasslands and forests. Just over half of this is due to the clearing of woodlands for mostly agricultural purposes. The full difference of 466 billion tons is nearly equal to the amount of carbon released by all burning of fossil fuels in the industrial era. These figures reveal the vital importance of making radical transformations in both agricultural and forestry practices, to try to recover some of that loss while not losing still more.
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Soil, by itself, holds even more carbon than the biomass that grows above it, and has a way of losing some of that carbon when temperatures are rising. This study went looking for reasons and found some answers. “It is most likely that instead of soil animals and microorganisms, the plants are responsible for the feedback effect because they also breathe with their roots.”
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Another story about the importance of preventing soil degradation has an interesting chart that shows how all soil carbon is distributed. The last item, “Moors and marshland,” reflects the unusual concentration of soil carbon held in permafrost regions and peatlands in general. They are both potentially worrisome because of the possibility of unusually rapid losses of their abundance, as noted in many previous climate letters.
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A new study confirms the strong melting effect of algae on ice sheet surfaces. This was previously suspected and has now been validated. It has also been found likely that continued warming will add to algae growth, making it a type of positive feedback. The effect appears strong enough to have an influence on projections of sea level rise.
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An update on atmospheric CO2 growth. It looks to me like the growth rate for 2017 will come all the way back down to just over 2 ppm, much improved over the 3 ppm rate of the last two years, both of which were subject to common El Nino effects. If you click on Interactive Plots and scroll down you can easily track and compare the pathways for each year and see that since late April the difference has been holding right at 2 ppm. Unfortunately, there is no decisive change yet in the more critical long-term trend.
Carl